How is the Brønsted definition of acids and bases extended by the solvent system definition?

The Brønsted definition of acids and bases is primarily based on the transfer of protons, where acids are defined as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. However, the solvent system definition extends this concept by considering the behavior of acids and bases in various solvent environments, particularly how they influence the generation of ions in solution.

In the context of the solvent system definition, the focus is on how acids and bases interact with the solvent to form cations and anions. For example, when an acid dissolves in water, it may dissociate into positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which then interact with the solvent molecules. This description provides a more comprehensive understanding of acid-base chemistry, going beyond just the transfer of protons to include the resultant ionic species and their behavior in the solution, which is fundamental in many chemical reactions.

The other options do not capture this extended perspective. Excluding proton donors does not align with the broader view, focusing on hydroxide concentration is too narrow, and ignoring proton transfer entirely would contradict the foundational aspects of acid-base theory. Therefore, the inclusion of cation and anion generation in solvent systems offers a more detailed and practical approach to understanding acids and bases in various