What characterizes oxo-acids?

Oxo-acids are characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) directly bonded to a central atom, typically a non-metal or metalloid, which also has one or more oxo groups (double-bonded oxygen atoms, =O) adjacent to the hydroxyl groups. The acidic behavior of oxo-acids stems from the acidic proton (H+) that is released, which comes from the hydroxyl group. The adjacent oxo group enhances the acidic character because it can stabilize the negative charge that develops when the proton is released, making the compound a stronger acid.

The presence of hydroxyl and oxo groups is crucial, as it distinguishes oxo-acids from other types of acids. The statement that they lack hydroxyl groups is inaccurate, as it is the hydroxyl group that provides the acidic proton. Oxo-acids can be formed by a variety of elements, not just metals, therefore reinforcing the commonality of their formation across different groups in the periodic table. Regarding strength, oxo-acids can indeed vary in strength, but many are more acidic than their hydroxoacid counterparts due to the stabilizing effect of the oxo groups.