What does the Born-Mayer equation help estimate?

The Born-Mayer equation is primarily used to estimate the lattice enthalpy of ionic solids based on the charges of the ions and their separation distance, specifically at absolute zero temperature (T=0). This equation incorporates parameters such as the ionic charges and the distance between the ions, allowing for a theoretical calculation of how much energy is required to separate the ionic compound into its gaseous ions.

Lattice enthalpy is a crucial concept in understanding the stability and strength of ionic compounds. By considering the charges of the cations and anions, as well as their effective size as they are brought from infinity to a defined separation, the Born-Mayer equation provides an insight into the endothermic or exothermic nature of lattice formation.

This estimation assumes ideal conditions, hence the term 'at T=0', meaning it represents a theoretical value under perfect circumstances rather than actual conditions that involve thermal motion and entropy effects.