What does the spectra look like for an electron ejected from a bonding or anti-bonding orbital?

When an electron is ejected from a bonding or anti-bonding orbital, the resulting spectrum typically showcases an extended fine structure with many peaks. This complexity arises due to the different energy levels associated with the electronic transitions and the potential interactions between the electrons and the nuclear framework of the molecule or atom.

In the case of bonding orbitals, the ejected electron's energy will reflect the stabilization gained by being in a bonding interaction. This leads to specific energy levels corresponding to the molecular orbitals from which electrons can be ejected. Additionally, for anti-bonding orbitals, the ejected electrons exhibit a higher energy level due to their destabilization compared to bonding orbitals.

This fine structure is further influenced by several factors, such as electron-electron interactions, vibrational and rotational transitions of the surrounding nuclei, and potential coupling with other electronic states. All these interactions contribute to the presence of multiple peaks in the spectrum, illustrating the various possible transitions and energy states the system can adopt after an electron has been ejected.

In contrast, a single broad peak would suggest a simpler, less structured transition without the influence of these multiple factors, which is not the case here. Similarly, uniform peak distribution and random noise do not accurately represent the organized