Which statement is true about p-type semiconductors?

In p-type semiconductors, the distinctive feature is the presence of an excess of positive holes. Holes are vacancies that occur when an electron is missing from the crystal lattice of a semiconductor material. In p-type semiconductors, specific impurities known as acceptor impurities are added, which create these holes; rather than adding excess electrons as seen in n-type semiconductors, p-type doping creates locations within the material where an electron could exist, effectively creating a positive charge.

This positive charge represents a "hole" in the electron structure, allowing for the movement of charge and enabling electrical conduction, albeit through the movement of these holes rather than electrons themselves. Therefore, the correct statement about p-type semiconductors is that they possess an excess of positive holes, distinguishing them from other types of materials, including n-type semiconductors, which are characterized by an abundance of conducting electrons.